ABSTRACT
Background: Fever is the most common reason for children under 5 years of age to visit the OPD. Unlike other foci of infection, only a little attention has been focused on the identification of UTI in febrile children. Quite often child receives antibiotics empirically without adequate evaluation of UTI. To determine the prevalence of UTI in all febrile children, from 2 months to 5years of age.Methods: The study included children admitted with bronchiolitis in between during the period of December 2018 to March 2019 at Department of Pediatrics, Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. Totally 200 consecutive children from 2 months to 5 years admitted in the pediatric department Data related to age, sex, predisposing factors will be noted. Urine analysis and urine culture have to be done in all these patients. USG abdomen to be done in patients with culture positive UTI.Results: Among the 200 cases, the prevalence of UTI was higher among females (10%) than males (8%). Among the culture-positive cases UTI, an underlying focus of infection was present in 89% of cases and only 11% of cases did not have any foci. In this study, the % of cases with a duration of fever more than 5 days was 57, as compared to 43% in patients with fever less than 5 days. Among the 19 UTI cases, 5 of them presented with voiding difficulties and all the 5 cases had significant growth on culture. There was a significant association between UTI cases and voiding difficulties.Conclusions: Hence through this study, authors concluded that pyuria of >5 pus cells /HPF in the centrifuged sample should be considered as significant pyuria and hence further evaluation should be done in all these cases to promptly initiate antibiotic treatment and also to prevent morbidity and several long term sequelae.
ABSTRACT
Background: A seizure is a paroxysmal time-limited change in motor activity and or behavior that results from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizures are common in the pediatric age group and occur in approximately 10% of children. Most seizures in children are provoked by somatic disorders originating outside the brain such as high fever, infection, syncope, head trauma, hypoxia, or toxins. To determine whether children with febrile convulsion have decreased serum zinc level when compared to normal children and children with fever without convulsions.Methods: The study included children admitted with bronchiolitis in between during the period of September 2018 to January 2019 at Department of Pediatrics, Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. It is a case-control study. A sample size of 50 was selected for each group Totally 3 Groups, 1. Children with febrile convulsions,2. Children with fever without convulsions, 3. Normal Children.Results: The mean serum zinc level in children with febrile convulsions was 42.9 mcg/dl. The serum zinc level in children with fever and normal children was 70 mcg/dl and 71 mcg/dl respectively. On comparing the serum zinc level among the three groups statistical significance was obtained between children with febrile convulsions and the other two groups namely normal children and children with fever alone. Thus, decreased serum zinc level is a significant predisposing factor for febrile convulsions. By using Posthoc Multiple comparisons test we came to know that the Fever convulsion group is significantly different from fever and normal group. There is no significant difference between fever and normal group.Conclusions: This study shows that serum zinc levels are decreased in children with febrile convulsions, thus indicating that zinc deprivation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions.
ABSTRACT
Background: Febrile seizures are the most common and benign convulsive disorder in childhood and a frequent cause of emergency hospital admission' Febrile Seizures (FS) are age-dependent and are rare before the age of 9 months and after 5 years of age, the peak age of onset is 14-18months. To assess the clinical profile in children with febrile seizures and compare these values with febrile children without seizures.Methods: The study included children admitted with bronchiolitis in between during the period of August 2018 to March 2019 at Department of Pediatrics, Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. It is a case-control study. The study group includes 50 cases (febrile seizures) and 50 controls (fever without seizures) aged 6months to 5 years (6-60 months) attending the pediatric out-patient department.Results: 54% of the cases were male (27) and 46% of the cases were female (23). Male: female ratio was 1.17:1. Mean temperature in cases and controls were 101.61'1.31 'F and 101.17'0.86 'F respectively. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). duration of seizure was <5 minutes in 80% of cases (40/50) and >5mins in 20% of the cases (10/50).Conclusions: Simple febrile seizures may slightly increase the risk of developing epilepsy, but have no adverse effects on behaviour, scholastic performance, or neurocognition. The risk of developing epilepsy is increased further in children with a history of complex febrile seizures. A strong association exists between febrile status epilepticus or febrile seizures characterized by focal symptoms and later development of temporal lobe epilepsy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Childhood poisoning covers the entire gamut from accidental ingestion in toddlers and preschool children to intentional overdosage in adolescents. To find the clinic- epidemiological profile of poisoning regarding age, sex, type of poison, manner of poisoning, common clinical features, duration between poisoning and presentation to hospital, duration of hospital stay, to find out the different agents involved duration of ICU stay, pre-referral treatment and treatment given.Methods: All children below 12 years of age admitted during the one-year study period with a history of poisoning were included. Animal bites, snake and scorpion envenomation, chronic poisoning, drug allergy was excluded. All children were examined, investigated and treated according to hospital policy. The outcome of poisoning was recorded.Results: There were 143 cases of children with poisoning admitted. Accidental poisoning constituted 88.1% cases (n126),7.7% (n11) was suicidal and the remaining 4.2%(n6) was homicidal. In most cases, poisoning was due to hydrocarbons followed by pesticides. kerosene oil was the most common substance followed by OPC.Conclusions: The highest incidence of poisoning was observed in children below 5 years of age and from the lower middle socio-economic group. Most of the poisons were household products and the most common nature of exposure was accidental in most of the cases, recovery was complete.